RSM optimization and yield prediction for biodiesel produced from alkali-catalytic transesterification of pawpaw seed extract: Thermodynamics, kinetics, and Multiple Linear Regression analysis

• The esterification process of Carica papaya seeds conversion to biodiesel was optimized. Maximum yield 80% obtained at 600C. follows the first-order degree kinetics with K 5.63 × 10-2 kmol/Lmin. Activation energy 18024.7 kJmol optimum conditions. biofuel satisfied ASTM (D6751-02) specifications and complied EN 141215 standards. Optimization alkali transesterification pawpaw seed extract using NaOH catalyst carried out analyze kinetics, thermodynamic parameters, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) algorithms were used confirm results. GC chromatography X-ray diffraction (XRD) determine fatty acid profile characteristics oil (PSO). maximum temperature, weight, methanol ratio 60 °C, 1.0 wt%, 3:1 via RSM. Kinetics shows that effect on overall reaction rate feasible 30 minutes while MLR predictions exercised outside design matrix confirmed increasing weights temperature increases within finding from consistent experimentally determined percentage practicable based value conducted verify predicted output. output indicated a ±0.025 standard deviation result practicable. Some key fuel properties derived PSO (D6751) EN141215 XRD patterns GC/MC characterization is good source for production.